All of the group IVA elements can form four covalent bonds to other non metals. All but carbon can ..........

All of the group IVA elements can form four covalent bonds to other non metals. All but carbon can form additional compounds with more than four bonds. What precincts carbon in this ability?

1Carbon typically forms pi bonds within only two directions.

2 Carbon has no ‘d’ orbitals available for spare bonding beyond four.

3 The carbon atom does not have sufficient electronegativity to attract more electrons above four.

4 I’m not sure…four should be enough for any atom
Answers:
Carbon have no available 'd' orbitals.

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